Winston Smith of George Orwell’s 1984 and Hamlet of...

Heroes in literature and history, more often than not, meet tragic ends, unless they were created by Walt Disney. These particular people are often seen as someone who is apart from the masses in morals and attempt to accomplish a higher calling for the common good. The problem with this type of hero is that they are destined for suffering.Two such characters exist in classic literature, Winston Smith of George Orwell’s 1984 and Hamlet of William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.† Hamlet is the true classic tragic hero, though, because he is of noble birth, possesses high moral standards, completes the task he is given to better the world, and causes tragedy in both his life and the lives of others. Traditionally, a tragic hero is†¦show more content†¦Hamlet searches for the good in the world and even the good in others who have hurt him. â€Å"Laertes: Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet: mine and my father’s death come not u pon thee, nor thine on me! Hamlet: Heaven make thee free of it! I follow thee† (Hamlet V. ii. 293-296). Even as Hamlet dies he allows the man who was his killer to rest in peace knowing that Hamlet does not hold his own imminent death against him. The tasks assigned to both men by â€Å"destiny† also characterize their level of heroism. Winston’s task is one merely of his own making by fighting the invisible force of Big Brother. Hamlet is given a task by a greater cosmic power who is the ghost of his deceased father. In most classic tragedies the hero is given their task by a higher power, such as God or fate, and do not devise one of their own making such as in Winston’s case. Another difference between the two men is that Hamlet succeeds in completing his mission whereas Winston does not. It is Hamlet himself who, subduing murderous nature, will hold his vengeance in check until it is pronounced fair by others (thus conforming, if not to medieval Danish law, to a biblically based sixteenth-century English statute that required at least two witnesses to condemn someone for treason). Only after the ‘honest’ ghost (1.5.138), Horatio, and, finally, Laertes have confirmed that ‘the Kings to blame’ (5.2.320) does Hamlet kill Claudius; thus, as a repentant Laertes finally says, the usurper is

Why the Small and the Big US Universities Expected to Close Down in Assignment

Essays on Why the Small and the Big US Universities Expected to Close Down in the Next Few Years Assignment The paper "Why the Small and the Big US Universities Expected to Close Down in the Next Few Years" is a wonderful example of an assignment on education.Member NumberStudent NameDay and TimeRoom NumberTutor’s name1  Ã‚  @mymail.unisa.edu.au  2  Ã‚  @mymail.unisa.edu.au  3  Ã‚  @mymail.unisa.edu.au  4  Ã‚  @mymail.unisa.edu.au  Finally, each member of the group is to rate the contribution of every member of the group to this assignment, including their own contribution, by completing a column in the table below, using the following scale:A. The contribution was above average for the groupB. The contribution was average for the groupC. The contribution was below average for the groupD. The contribution was substantially below average for the groupContribution rating:Member NumberRating bymember 1Rating by member 2Rating by member 3Rating by member 41  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The General Manager in your company has a backgro und in economics and has suggested that in your product category the brands with lower market shares will have higher average prices but as a Marketer Analyst, you might not agree. Data set 1 provides information on the sales of the detergent brands over a period of time. Do these data support the General Manager’s proposition? Apply the principles of data reduction to the data for Q1 to build a reasonable argument to convince the General Manager about the correctness of your judgment.Data set 1 information clearly supports the general manager’s proposition of the brands with lower market shares to have a higher average price. From an economist's point of view, this may be the right decision to make, but in a market perceptive this may not be the case. The brands with lower market share ought to price lower than the brands with higher market share, putting a lower price on the brands will attract customers to the brand thus, increasing sales and enhancing its market sh are in the market.The principles used for data reduction in the data set 1 involve arranging the order by size, data presented in the form of tables, and this ensures the ungrouped data clearly seen. The average method mainly used to put a price on brands and determine the market share of diverse brands. Using the principles of data reduction the data arranged chronologically from the brand with the least market share to the brand with most market share value. Pricing the brands with less market share highly is not advisable in a market perspective since customers will not be attracted to purchase the brand (Edwards Smith, 2010, p. 18). Economically the idea may be advisable, but the sales will highly be affected thus enhancing the fall of its market share even further. Therefore, to promote the brand with the least market share pricing them lowly will promote the brand increasing its market share. A brand with a large market share promotes sales, increasing the profit of the compa ny. The general manager, therefore, ought to embrace the data reduction method in pricing the brands to promote sales and enhance the growth of the market share.

Survey on Body Image Free Essays

Ref. No. ((((Interviewer No. We will write a custom essay sample on Survey on Body Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now _____ Survey on Body Image (Sample Questionnaire) PART I Please put a tick ( in the box that best reflects your opinion. 1. Are you aged over 25? ( Yes (Please continue answering question 2 in this part) ( No (This is the end of this survey. Thank you very much for your assistance! ) 2. In general, are you satisfied with your body figure? (Interviewer please check the quota) ( Yes ( No PART II Please indicate how do you think about the following statements is true by circle the number. No. |Questions |Strongly |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | |Disagree | | | |Agree | | | | | | | | | |2 |I think I am shorter than I should have. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |3 |I prefer to wear clothes that can hide my body shape. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |4 |I need to do something to change my body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |5 |I am very dissatisfied with my body figure. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |6 |I always take records of my body weight. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |7 |I always read diet publications. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |8 |I always calculate the calorie intake. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |9 |I always pay attention on the issue of slimming. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |10 |Celebrities’/models’ body image is my desired body image. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |11 | I feel unsatisfactory to my body shape when comparing with the |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |celebrities’/models’ body image. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |12 |I am very envious of those celebrities’/models’ body figures appear on those |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |slimming advertisements. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |13 |I want to look as good as a model/celebrity. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | |14 |I think celebrities’/models’ body image is a symbol of beauty. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |No. Questions |Strongly |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | |Disagree | | | |Agree | | | | | | | | | |16 |I believe I would have more job opportunities if I have a good figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |17 |I believe I would have longer life if I have a good figure. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |18 |I believe I would have many admirers if I have a good figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |19 | I believe I would have more acceptances in social life if I have a good |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |figure. | | | | | | |20 |People around me are more likely to make friends with slim people. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |21 |People around me would use different ways to keep body shape. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |22 |People around me do not satisfied with their body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |23 |People around me like discussing on their body shape. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |24 |I feel not in the group if I am fatter than people around me. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |25 |I do mind if people play a joke on my body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |26 |IÂ  do mind if I find that I have gained some weight. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |27 |I do mind people telling me I am fat. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |28 |I feel bad talking to another female with slim body. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |29 | I feel guilty when I eat too much. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |30 |All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |31 |I take a positive attitude toward myself |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |32 |I have confidence in myself. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |33 |At times I think I am no good at all |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |34 |I feel that I have a number of good qualities |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | 35. I most frequently obtain information about slimming from the following channel (tick ( one only): ( TV ( Radio ( Newspaper ( Magazine ( Internet ( Others (please specify):____________________ Part III We would like to end with a few demographic questions. Please write down the related information or put a tick ( in the appropriate option. 1 |My age is: ______ years | |2 |My weight is: about ______________ pounds (or ______ kg) | |3 |My height is: about ______feet ______inches (or ______ cm) | |4 | How often do you exercise? ______ times per month | |5 |My marital status is: ( Single ( Married ( Widowed ( Divorced ( Separated | |6 |My monthly inocme is: | | |( Below $5000 ( $5001-$9000 ( $9001-$15000 ( $15001-$25000 ( $25001 or above | |7 |The highest level of education I attained: | |( Primary school or below ( Lower secondary ( Upper secondary ( Matriculation | | |( Certificate/Diploma/Higher Diploma/Associate/Bachelor’s Degree ( Master’s Degree ( Ph. D. | ———————– Thank you very much for your assistance! Hello! I am a student of XX University. I am now conducting a survey about body image among Chinese female adulthood. It is grateful if you could take 5 to 10 minutes to complete this questionnaire. There is no right or wrong answer. Your participation is voluntary. The information obtained in this study will be used to prepare a research report and no identifying information will be revealed in the dissem ination of the results. Thank you. How to cite Survey on Body Image, Papers

Business Media Journal Operating Signifies

Question: Describe about the Business Media Journal for Operating Signifies. Answer: Analyse your media text, making relevant notes in the following sections: Identify some elements of the media text that are operating as signifiers, and identify what their signifieds are. In recent day, many incidental strategies happened in Australia in which Queenslands Theme Park Strategy is one of them. There are various elements of this accident which caused loss of life of many people. The accident took place on 26th Oct, 2016. Most of the Australians are living in a highly populated region in Australia. These elements include injury of workplace, road fatalities, poisoning and assault death. In todays life, these types of accidents we are seeing more and it is not good for the society. Now people are feared about these types of incidents because it causes very much in the society (Ma, Gao Scott, 2013) Media were more involved with the accident. There are two types of Media analysis such as quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis includes an analysis of situation of accident in Australia and event which is specialized in the financial market. It also maintains the difficult mathematics and statics modelling which means that how accident took place and what was the reason behind this. Quantitative media analysis measures the number of persons involved with the accident in Australia and constituents presented in a substance. Having found the result of media, it has been seen that four persons were killed in the accident which included two women and two men. Theme Park accident in Queensland is considered as a serious injuries and deaths. Four persons were included in the accident. The accident took place because of ignorance of the guests who were presented in the park. It also included national or international safety violation policy and rule. The main significance of the accident is unmanageable ride safety inspection in the theme park of Queensland in which four persons were killed in the accident. People have to be aware about this type of accident for next time because little ignorance of any person may cause the loss of life of an individual (Ding, 2013). Identify meanings that are denoted, and identify some possible connotations. It has identifies that media had founded overall strategy of this accident in Theme Park. The accident was occurred in one month ago in which two men and two women were killed. There was a media journal communication at the accident point which refers to an international approach of getting information as well as an open cross journal into worldwide. There was a positive connotation when the accident took place in Theme Park. It has found that the accident took place due to the loss of control of a ride on which they were riding in the park. Two victims were present at the accident point when Thunder River Rapids ride were uncontrollable and a noise were happened by people in the park. Media made a search of overall strategy as well as investigated well through media communication. There are different types of media communication by which they can measure the whole strategy which were happened in the park such as applied communication, education of communication, media of electronics , communication of environment, health communication, legal communication and mass media and much more. It follows the strategy of visual communication for a company. Organizational and political communication is must followed by media journal (Hundloe Page, 2015). There was also some negative denotation at the time of accident. Most of the people were injured in the accident and they have lost some essential needs because of the ignorance of the owner of ride. The Thunder River Rapids ride was moving very fast. For this, the accident held in dangerous manner. Immediately, Queenslands ambulance had come and took those injured people for taking them in the Hospital (Milner De Leo, 2012). At the level of myth, can a wider cultural message or theme be identified? The accident is a biggest example for people to be alert in that type of ride in any park in Australia. The society and culture are more involved in that type of ride. For this, it is necessary to take care of them with a culture media value in Queensland region as well as in whole Australia. The cultural value involves in the media journal which impacts on media communication. Media and culture are inter-related term which influences the strategy of a society. There are different types of communication in the media culture such as mass communication and inter personal communication. These communications of media affects the strategic performance of the culture in the society. A message may communicate to some mass audience through much means by which they can alert about the strategy in the country (Schivinski Dabrowski, 2016). There are various resources to know about the strategies which are happening in the country such as the association of press who collects and distributes news to the newspapers, television channel, radio and magazines (Burgess Gold, 2015). There are different media agencies which help to know about the accident which is happening in the country. The advertising department plays a merchandized role and relation with public department with the help of mass media communication. Mass media offers information and counsels the firm in regards of its client. It maintains the strategic performance and any certain event in the country (Wimmer Dominick, 2013). Additional Notes/Observations: In order to control this type of accident, the country needs to maintain the proper strategic performance across the country. International Association of Theme Park must have to control the management system of the park in the Queensland region of Australia. A trade association of the park may also have to take some legal steps through which this type of strategy may not come to the consideration again. From this accident one more thing has founded that the hospitality management is very necessary for us because at any time any incident may take place in the society. Now people are feared and alerted about these types of incidents because it may cause the life of an individual in the society. Reference list: Burgess, J., Gold, J. R. (Eds.). (2015). Geography, the media and popular culture. Routledge. Ma, J., Gao, J., Scott, N., Ding, P. (2013). Customer delight from theme park experiences: The antecedents of delight based on cognitive appraisal theory.Annals of Tourism Research,42, 359-381. Wimmer, R. D., Dominick, J. R. (2013). Mass media research. Cengage learning. Hundloe, T., Page, C. (2015). A brief history of discovery, settlement and development.The Gold Coast Transformed: From Wilderness to Urban Ecosystem, 41. Milner, A., De Leo, D. (2012). Riding and motor vehicle accident in Queensland.Traffic injury prevention,13(4), 342-347. Schivinski, B., Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands.Journal of Marketing Communications,22(2), 189-214.

A Quick Guide To Successful Business Writing

A Quick Guide To Successful Business Writing How to turn your business writing into one of your strengths in the workplace We all know the importance of the effective communication in our everyday life. It is very useful to be able to put together an interesting and intelligent sentence which effectively passes the message to the other person. The business environment is especially demanding in terms of expressing your thoughts in a correct, precise and a structured way. However, what can you do if the eloquence is not the strongest trait of your character? What if clear writing and speaking is not something that you can be proud of? Experts point of view on the effective communication Many of us can be in awe looking at those who seem to be so good at expressing their thoughts. This concerns listening to such people or reading their actual messages. However, not so many of us realize that the ability to communicate clearly and effectively is something that can be improved. In fact, this is a skill that can be cultivated and developed. In other words, with applied effort and determination anyone can become an effective communicator bringing success in all areas of life. Effective business communication The business environment in most cases is more demanding than other areas of our life. If we do not follow certain rules, the outcome, professional as well as personal, can be not the best one. Usually, the time to convey your message is limited due to the hectic nature of the business situations, so the ability to write clearly and quickly is very important in the corporate world. What makes a business communication effective and productive? Thinking before expressing your thoughts Either you write your insights on paper or type them on your computer, you need to think first of what is the main message of your speech and what reaction you expect from readers. If you made up your mind on what you are going to write about, the chances of getting a quality content will increase substantially. The material will be more structured and clear, and, as a result, the audience will take in your thoughts more efficiently. Making your point right upfront Being direct is very beneficial in the business environment. Time constraints make you think fast and clear. If in some other setting it is appropriate to make a summary at the end, in the business situations it is better to start with the main message at the very beginning. It might be a mistake to postpone the main idea to the middle or the end of your writing since the reader might get disinterested and bored half way of your text. Your idea might be brilliant, but if you do not state the main point of your text at the very beginning, it is very likely that your great thought will end up unheard. Being specific In business communication, it is important to be clear, simple and precise. No one has the time or desire to get into overcomplicated ideas or explanations. If one phrase can be substituted with one word, use that word. The simpler you sound, the more effective your communication will be. It is a widespread misconception that the bigger word you use, the more intelligent you look. In reality, the bigger number of people understands your simple words, the more talented and promising you will look. Practicing regularly Writing effectively is not an inborn trait and it can be learned and cultivated. Practicing your business writing regularly can uncover talents in you which can make you successful in the corporate world. Reading the quality material on the topic, writing as much as your time and determination allow, being consciously attentive to the word and sentence structure will help you accelerate in your endeavors to start writing effectively and concisely. Becoming a skilled and influential business communicator is not an easy task. However, the good news is that if you are determined enough to see how good you can be in the business communication, you will be able to become a significant voice in your working environment. Certainly, you will need to work hard to see the desired changes, but the positive result will surprise you as well as your business surrounding.

What is an American essays

What is an American essays American is a word that we use almost everyday to express what we are. But exactly what does that word mean? Does it mean that we work a standard 40 hour week? Does it mean that we have exactly 2.5 children and half of our parents are divorced? The word American entails more than those trivial facts about the United States of America. Is an American one who will run into burning builds to save another? Someone who believes in all that America does criticizing nothing at all? A true American means that a person is entrenched into America's culture, takes advantage of all our freedoms, and has a sense of their history. First of all, an American knows full and well the culture of the country that they are living in. They should know what sports is known as our national pastime as well as other small facts that make our country special. They should know who our president is as well as being entrenched in the music and movies of the times. However, culture is more than just knowing the famous and well known aspects of our country. Culture is just the environment that every American lives in. For example, how many Americans could go through an entire day without watching TV? Things like TV, coffee, and the internet are staples of the American culture that we all are involved in, in some way, shape, or form. Yet and still it's easy for Americans to not be into the culture even though they wake up in it every morning. Case in point, the two biggest issues in the last few months have been the presidential election and the war over in the Middle East. A true American is abreast of all the issues that will directly affect their and their families' lives. They watch the news every few days and participate in elections if they are able to. Americans now want to be more culturally conscience of other cultures. Even fifty years ago, W.E.B Duboise saw the need for all people to live in a harmonious society. In his Credo, he writes, "I BELIEVE in Go...

Marginal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marginal Analysis - Essay Example Please revise with a more specific explanation. Please revise to include a clear and direct relationship between marginal revenue and total revenue. B.1. The submission does not provide an adequate explanation of the relationship between marginal cost and total cost. Please revise to include a clear and direct relationship between marginal cost and total cost. F.1. The essay does not clearly explain what a firm would do with respect to output decisions if marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. Please revise to address whether the firm should increase or decrease production. Definition. Marginal revenue is defined as the additional revenue obtained from selling one more unit of the good that he produces (William Boyes and Melvin, Michael, 2002, p. 202-205). To better understand it, let us present it in the form of a graph.(see graph l) We have here a demand graph showing the quantity of a certain item the consumers are willing to buy at a certain price. At price of $10, people are willing to buy 100 pcs. Total revenue $1000 It is blue area under the demand curve. People will not buy more if the price is increased, and in order to sell more, price must be dropped. It is important to be aware of the demand curve to understand the marginal revenue because it will show how much the producer needs to lower the price in order to sell another item. Demand curve is the slope going down (D) The relationship that exists between the two is the additional revenue that is given by producing another unit of production. It can further be related as the unit revenue the last item has sold , or how much is the contribution to revenue of the last item sold The causaL relationship that exist is for each item sold, marginal profit = marginal revenue – marginal cost. And if MR IS greater than MC at a certain point of output, then profit is positive; and the same relationship exists when MR is less than MC result is

Introduction page for an essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction page for an - Essay Example fluenced significant transformations in ways of life and in validating that this unifying force confirms universality of responsibility with one another. One story focused on Pope John Paul’s ability to spark â€Å"a revolution of the spirit that liberated Poland, brought down the Berlin Wall, reunited Europe, and transformed the face of the world† (Albright 4). Bob Seiple, the first American ambassador-at-large for international religious freedom, shared the story about Mary’s remarkable survival to overcome hate and forgive a militiaman who shot her, paralyzed her and left her to die. The third story centered on the struggles of young children in a camp in Gulu who remained steadfast in faith amidst adversities from members of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). The crucial lessons imparted were summed, to wit: â€Å"(1) that there are people who are willing to die—and kill—for their faith; and (2) that religion at its best teaches forgiveness and reconciliation, not only when those acts are relatively easy but also when they are almost unbelievably difficult† (Albright 5). In this regard, the essay hereby aims to explore the extent in which religion plays a crucial factor in influencing diplomatic policies and in determining how the current stance in separating religion and politics have affected resolving political conflicts Albright, Madeleine. "Faith and Diplomacy." The Review of Faith & International Affairs (2006): 3-9. Web. 15 January 2012.

Labour education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Labour education - Essay Example Labour forces are the engines of creation and production capital of every nation. Their knowledge, skills and competence are paramount in the performance of their roles and duties for their respective employees-- the latter being expectant of their positive contribution in achieving companies’ goals and targeted key results in exchange for wages. As forces for development, labor education is significant to keep them abreast and updated to new systems of operations and new policies which may directly and indirectly affect them (Gahan & Bell, 1998). This essay will explicate the meaning of labour education; identify the themes of Canadian labour education; and the developments or changes of labor practices in Canada. Labour Education Labor education is defined as the transfer of knowledge and skills focused for workers who are members of a certain union or association. In Canada, labor education was established since 1963 which was intended for those who wanted to improve and strengthen their competence as well as competence as workers (Canadian Labor Congress, 2009). Many of those who availed further education also aimed at improving their organizational management skills and leadership to make them committed in the protection and promotion of their rights as labor forces or as workers (CLC, 2009).

The Scarlet Letter | Plot and analysis

The Scarlet Letter | Plot and analysis In this section, the book describes a nameless character who coincidentally shares the same occupation and desires as the author of this book, Nathaniel Hawthorne. The narrator works as a chief executive officer at the Salem Custom House, meaning that he collects tariffs on foreign goods. Unfortunately, not many ships dock at Salems Port for whatever reason, so the narrator often finds himself with little to do during the work week. One gloomy day, the narrator tries to keep himself entertained by exploring the abandoned second floor of the custom house. While checking out a room upstairs, he discovers a scarlet A and an old note written by a former chief executive officer at the Custom House nearly 200 years earlier. While examining the scarlet letter, he holds it over his chest, but drops it immediately because he feels a burning sensation in his chest. He then reads the note, which tells a story about a woman who committed adultery. This inspires him to write his own spin on the n ote, even though it wouldnt be factually accurate. At the end of this section, a new president is elected, and he loses his job, which forces the narrator into following his dream of becoming a writer to make a living. Questions about the Custom House: Who is this nameless narrator who works in the Custom House? Why didnt the narrator follow his dream of becoming a writer? If the narrator hates his job and is bored because there is no work for him to do, why doesnt he quit and follow his dream? What inspired the narrator to go up to the second floor of the custom house knowing that it was unused and probably empty? Why did he feel a burning sensation when he held the scarlet letter up to his chest? Why did the narrator lose his job after a new president was elected? My Reactions towards the Custom House: I was kind of surprised to see that the narrator shares so many traits as the author, but wasnt given a name. I would have assumed that if the author intended to put himself in the story, he would have named his character after himself. I wonder why he did this. The book described the building he worked in as being run down and rotting. I believe that this adds to the narrators resentment of his job because I think it makes him feel as if his job isnt important enough to work in a building that isnt falling apart. The narrator also described that his Puritan ancestors would have looked down upon his desire to become a writer. This shocked me because back in Puritan times, Monks Priests wrote a vast majority of all books, and they were held in high esteem. One would think that his or her ancestors would be proud to have a writer in their bloodline because a studious person was looked up to. Journal Entry: Chapter 1 The Prison Door and Chapter 2 The Marketplace Summary of Chapter 1 In chapter 1, the scene is set at the Jailhouse in Salem. A throng of hooded people dressed in somber clothing are gathered around the jailhouse door to scorn and belittle the offender who is about to be released. The area around the Jailhouse is described as being dreary and dead, even the trees and grasses have died because of the gloom radiating from the jailhouse, except for 1 lone rosebush, which provides a relief for the condemned because it is a sweet moral blossom which shows a sign of forgiveness. Summary of Chapter 2 In chapter 2, Hester is released from the Jailhouse, holding an infant and is escorted up onto the scaffold where she will stand for 3 hours as people stare and taunt her. As she is standing up on the scaffold she reminisces about her parents and their house, until her attention is drawn to an old, misshapen man. This misshapen man is the person she married while in Europe before coming to America. By this point, her attention has been drawn back to the crowd, which scares her briefly, causing her to squeeze her baby out of instinct. Questions about Chapters 1 and 2: Why are people dressed in hoods as they gather around the Jailhouse? How has the Rosebush survived the sullen atmosphere it is growing in? Has Hester seen the rosebush? Has it affected her feelings in any way? Why was Hester allowed to take an infant into a dangerous environment such as the Jailhouse? Didnt the Puritans consider the safety of the baby? While standing up on the scaffold, why did Hester choose to reminisce about her parents? My Reactions towards Chapters 1 and 2: Why do the Puritans consider the suffering and punishment of others as a source of entertainment? Based on their morals, wouldnt they want to alleviate some of Hesters suffering, rather than add to it? I find that the lack of compassion shown by the Puritans in the Scarlet Letter very disturbing. If the Jailhouse was designed to detain violent and destructive criminals, why was Hester held there? Hester did not harm or endanger anyone; therefore I believe that she didnt need to be treated as someone who is dangerous. Was the rosebush planted in front of the Jailhouse intentionally? Or was it a sign of forgiveness from God? I find this very odd that something so beautiful would even survive in an environment so dreary and dead. If wearing the scarlet A was not a repercussion of Hesters offense, why did she even bother making it? If I committed that sin and had to face severe ridicule because of it, I wouldnt want to attract more scorn unto myself by wearing a big, extravagant scarlet A. Journal Entry: Chapter 3 The Recognition and Chapter 4 The Interview Summary of Chapter 3 In this chapter, Hester is continuing her punishment on the scaffold. She sees her husband, who is dressed in Indian clothing. He makes a gesture to Hester, telling her not to draw attention to him. After making this gesture, he begins asking a man in the crowd about Hesters crime and who the co-sinner was. The man replies that she was the wife of a wealthy Englishman from Amsterdam and that she committed adultery, but refuses to reveal the father of the child. For some reason, Chillingworth makes a comment about how such an old man could keep a young woman such as Hester happy. After this, we are introduced to Reverend Dimmesdale, Reverend Wilson, and Governor Bellingham, who question Hester in attempt to get her to confess to who the real father is but to no avail. Then Reverend Wilson attempts to make her reveal the father by giving her a sermon on sin, which makes her scarlet A glow. After the three try everything they can think off, they give up, and Hester is taken back to the Jailhouse. Summary of Chapter 4 In chapter 4, Hester meets her husband face to face for the first time since the beginning of the novel. Since he is a physician, he is called into the Jailhouse to drug Hester, and make her more susceptible to interrogation. When he enters Hesters jail cell, he offers her a potion, but Hester refuses it out of fear of being poisoned for revenge. Chillingworth tries once more to get Hester to reveal the father, but she refuses. As Chillingworth is walking out of the entrance of the cell, he makes Hester promise to keep his identity secret. Because of his evil facial expressions, Hester calls her husband a reincarnated version of the devil. Then Chillingworth vows to find the father of her baby, and leaves the Jailhouse. Questions about Chapters 3 and 4: Did Roger Chillingworth think that Hester would take him back after abandoning her in America for many years? Why didnt Chillingworth want attention drawn to him as Hester was standing on the scaffold? Why did Chillingworth lie about his identity when he asked the man about Hesters crime? Why did Hester withhold the name of the father of her child? Isnt she a little bit angry towards the father for not sharing any of the punishment? My Reactions towards Chapters 3 and 4: I was surprised that Chillingworth sent Hester to America instead of keeping her with him until he finished his work. Wouldnt newlyweds want to stay together no matter what? On top of what was said above, I also wanted to know what Chillingworth was up to in Amsterdam after Hester left. Finishing up some work before he left obviously wasnt the only thing he was up to while in Amsterdam for multiple years after Hester left. When I read his remark about how her husband must have been foolish to think that he could keep a young wife happy, I wondered why he married Hester. Typically, when one is in love, they look out for the best of the other. In this relationship, it seems as if Chillingworth just wanted Hester as a trophy wife. After Reverend Wilson gave Hester the sermon about eternal damnation and sin, I felt really bad for Hester. After all she had been through that day, she must have been feeling many unpleasant emotions, and Reverend Wilson just amplified the feeling of guilt within her. Journal Entry: Chapter 5 Hester at Her Needle and Chapter 6 Pearl Summary of Chapter 5: In chapter 5, the author focuses on Hesters life after being released from prison. Hester is granted her freedom to live wherever she pleases, but she chooses to stay in Boston. Even though many years have passed, Hester was still considered an outcast and was forced to live on the outskirts of town. To support herself and Pearl, she works as a seamstress, and sells her goods in town. Her skill as a seamstress was described as being so great, that even the Governor wore her garments, despite their shameful source. Her work was held in such high regard that people asked her to craft things such burial shrouds, priestly vestments, and officials robes. All of this work afforded both Hester and Pearl a good life, but Hester still felt alienated from her community. Summary of Chapter 6: In chapter 6, the author focuses on Pearl for the first time through the entire novel thus far. Much like the rosebush in chapters 1 and 2, Pearl is the only consolation for Hester as the rosebush is the only consolation for the prisoners. Hester dresses Pearl in fine clothing, despite Puritan ethics. In addition to the scarlet letter, Pearl is another symbol of Hesters sin. Pearl is described as being a defiant child, for example, when Hester attempts to teach Pearl about God, Pearl refuses to listen, and she constantly produces mischief. Pearl also seems to be a little more aware of her surroundings than other infants. While many other 2 or 3 year olds would have disregarded the scarlet A entirely, Pearl asks Hester about it constantly. Questions about Chapters 5 and 6: Why doesnt Hester leave Boston after she is granted her freedom? Why hasnt her community let bygones be bygones and re-accepted Hester back into their community? Why does Hester violate Puritan dress ethics with her sewing? Hasnt she offended the Puritan community enough? Even though Hesters products violate the dress code for Puritans, why do people still purchase them? If Pearl wasnt an illegitimate child, would her behavior have changed? My Reactions towards Chapters 5 and 6: I was shocked to read that Hester decided to stay in Boston, despite her reputation there. If I were in this situation, I definitely would have left and started anew in a new colony or even Europe, that way Chillingworth would have been off of my back, and I wouldnt have to face any more scorn. It was a very brave mood on her part. While reading this section, I half-expected Hester to be allowed back into the community, because people started to interact with her in a positive way for the first time in a long time, by buying her stuff. Unfortunately for her, that was the only positive interaction she would ever receive from them. Towards the end of chapter 5, I was disgusted to read how she was treated by the poor people she served. Even though she made them clothes free of charge, the poor people still treated her in a disrespectful manner. The least they could have done was treat her with respect. After reading chapter 6, I discovered that Pearl was nothing like what I expected her to be. When I first saw the title of chapter 6, I expected a sweet little girl, who was perfect in every way, and caused no trouble, but in actuality, Pearl was every parents nightmare. Journal Entry: Chapter 7 The Governors Hall and Chapter 8 The Elf Child and the Minister Chapter 7 Summary In this chapter, Hester is summoned to the Governors hall to defend her custody over Pearl. While on the way to the Governors hall, a group of children harass Hester and Pearl, but Pearl throws a tantrum and scares the group of children off. Rumors have spread that Pearl is a demon child, and it is questionable if Hester should raise her, because she is alone, and Pearl is a handful in addition to her work to support them. It is also questioned if Hester can raise Pearl in a moral and God-infused environment. While entering the hall, Hester and Pearl take notice of the ornate portraits and suits of armor which decorate the hall. While passing an especially lustrous set of armor, Pearl points out her mothers reflection in the statue, which frightens Hester because the fiery scarlet A dominates the reflection. Chapter 8 Summary In this chapter, Hester meets with the Governor, Reverend Wilson, and Reverend Dimmesdale. Upon entering the conference room, Hester is asked why she feels she deserves to keep Pearl. She points out that she should keep Pearl because she can teach Pearl not to make the same choice she did. Then Wilson tests Pearl on her knowledge on religious topics. Unfortunately, this doesnt seem to sway any of their choices in her favor, so Hester begs Dimmesdale to speak on her behalf. Dimmesdale says that Pearl is both a blessing and a curse from God. Pearl is a blessing because she is a smart and healthy child, but also a curse because on top of being mischievous, she is a constant reminder of her sin. He also says that the best place for a child to be is with its mother because there is a sacred bond between them. After this, the Governor and Reverend Wilson decide to let Hester keep Pearl. Infuriated that Hester was allowed to keep her child, Chillingworth went to the Governor, demanding that he reopen the case to determine who Pearls father is, but he refuses. Hester is also asked by Mistress Hibbins if she would like to join a sà ©ance, but she refuses because she got to keep Pearl. Questions about Chapters 7 and 8: How was Pearl able to scare off a group of children easily twice her age? Why does Pearl point out the scarlet letter often, knowing that it causes her mother pain each and every time she is reminded of it? How did rumors of Pearl being a devil child spread? Hester lives on the outskirts of town and doesnt appear to be in the loop. Why does Pearl refuse to answer any of Reverend Wilsons questions, knowing full well that will allow her to stay with her mother? What makes Reverend Dimmesdale vouch for Hester? Considering he is the moral guru for the town, one would think that he wouldnt be inclined to speak on a sinners behalf. My Reactions towards Chapters 7 and 8: While reading the body of Chapter 7, I was confused on how the townspeople questioned whether or not Pearl was human. I assumed that this question arose from Pearls bad behavior and extreme awareness for her age, which made me seriously consider the theory that Pearl was the spawn of the devil. Also while reading the body of Chapter 7, my perspective of the Governor changed. When he was first introduced, I imagined him as a shorter and wider fellow, but when I learned that he fought battles against the Indians with the suit of armor in the hall, my picture of him changed. Instead of a short, stocky man, I re-imagined him as a taller, well built character. While glancing at the title of Chapter 8, I noticed that it is titled The Elf Child and the Minister. The title made me wonder if little Pearls facial figures had literally begun to look like those of an elf. Even having finished the book, I still cannot make sense of the title. After reading the beginning of Chapter 8, I was flabbergasted at Reverend Dimmesdales, Reverend Wilsons, and Governor Bellinghams treatment of Pearl. Upon entering the room these 3 fully grown men begin to tease a toddler by calling her a bird and demon child. On top of being fully grown men, these are the town leaders who are teasing Pearl. These men are supposed to be the epitome of morality and good behavior. Journal Entry Chapter 9 The Leech and Chapter 10 The Leech and his Patient Summary of Chapter 9: In Chapter 9, Chillingworth has changed his name, and nobody knows his real past, except for Hester, who is bound to secrecy. He has become the town doctor, and has been accepted by the townspeople because they dont have access to quality medical supplies. The town sometimes refers to Chillingworth as a leech, because the use of leeches to cure diseases was common at that time. He is also referred to as a leech because Dimmesdale has been suffering from health problems because of Chillingworths prodding and interrogation. It is also noted that Dimmesdale clutches his heart often. Because Dimmesdale has no wife or companion to live with, Chillingworth demands to live with him for health reasons. The ministers room is hung with pictures showing biblical scenes of adultery biblical punishment. As time passes, Chillingworths trust is questioned because rumors spread of his past. Summary of Chapter 10: In this chapter, the ministers signs of torture are becoming more and more visible. To make matters worse for Dimmesdale, Chillingworth is showing incredible persistence when it comes to discovering what Dimmesdale is hiding. Despite all of his attempts, Chillingworth still cannot determine what secrets Dimmesdale struggles to keep hidden. One day, Dimmesdale inquires Chillingworth about an odd herb. The doctor says that he found it above the grave of someone who buried their sins with them. Then Chillingworth begins to prod Dimmesdale more about buried sin, but Dimmesdale backs out. Suddenly the sounds of Pearl playing are heard from Dimmesdales window, but Pearl drags her mother away when she sees Chillingworth because she thinks that he is the devil. The doctor asks Dimmsdale about his spiritual condition, but Dimmesdale basically tells him that its Gods business. The minister then apologizes for his behavior and then goes to bed. While Dimmesdale is sleeping, Chillingworth pulls back his shirt and reveals the ministers deepest secret. Questions about Chapters 9 and 10: Why didnt Dimmesdale refuse when Chillingworth insisted on living with him? He knew that Chillingworth was after something that he was hiding. Why is Dimmesdale punishing himself so severely? How did the townspeople catch wind of Chillingworths secret past? Can Pearl detect evil in people she hasnt been in contact with? (I.E. Chillingworth?) My Reactions towards Chapters 9 and 10: Since the Puritans believed in superstitions such as witches, etc, I cannot believe that the townspeople trusted a man with such an evil appearance. After learning that Dimmesdale had a secret earlier on in the novel, Chillingworths body transformed from a tired, and old man to a nasty, dark being from all of his attempts to get Dimmesdale to reveal it. After reading that Chillingworth insisted on living with Dimmesdale for health reasons, I cannot believe that Dimmesdale actually accepted and allowed him to move in. He knew from previous chapters that Chillingworth would stop at nothing to find out about his secret. After finishing Chapter 9, I learned that the term leech had 2 meanings when referring to Chillingworth. Originally it was a term used for all doctors at that time period, but as the chapter progressed, Chillingworth sucked all of the life out of Dimmesdale from his persistent questioning. While reading Chapter 10, I was stunned that Pearl detected that Chillingworth was evil. She didnt really have any prior contact with him, and she doesnt live within the community. I believe that she is either really smart or observant or she has a special power. Journal Entry: Chapter 11 Interior of a Heart and Chapter 12 The Ministers Vigil Summary for Chapter 11: In this chapter, Dimmesdale is at the peak of his misery. Chillingworth will not stop playing games with him, and he is getting no sleep because of his guilt. Even though he is suffering mentally, physically, and even spiritually, he keeps his secret bottled up. While Dimmesdale feels worse, his sermons on sin keep getting better and better. To make things harder, he punishes himself physically, by whipping his back repeatedly with a lash, in addition to extreme fasting. One night, he plans to have a vigil where Hester once stood in an attempt to relieve his sin. Summary for Chapter 12: In this chapter, Dimmesdale carries out his plan for a vigil on the scaffold. While standing up there, he fantasizes about revealing his sin, until Reverend Wilson, who is coming from a funeral for Governor Winthrop, passes by the scaffold. He thought about laughing when Wilson passed, but decided against it. After Wilson is gone, Dimmesdale laughs a little bit, which is accompanied by Pearls laugh, who is also standing on the scaffold with Hester. The three hold hands and Dimmesdale feels energized. Pearl asks if Dimmesdale will stand with them tomorrow, but he says no. Suddenly, a meteor flies across the sky, which is in the shape of an A, which frightens Dimmesdale because its a sign of his sin. After the meteor is out of sight, Chillingworth gets Dimmesdale off of the scaffold and takes him home. My Questions about Chapters 11 and 12: Is Dimmesdale even worried about being caught anymore? Or has his guilt focused all of his energy to punishing himself? How didnt Wilson notice Dimmesdale up on the scaffold? Is the meteor a coincidence? Or a sign from God? My Reactions towards Chapters 11 and 12: I was really shocked when I read that Dimmesdale was at the point that he was hitting himself to express his pain inside. I am really puzzled as to why he just doesnt confess now. He is at the point of death, is his secret really worth his life? I could understand why he chose to stand on the scaffold to release his guilt. He chose to stand on the scaffold to mimic Hester punishment because he is the co-adulterer. I believe that it took real strength to do that because anyone could have seen him doing that, and then he would have had to face his worst fear. At first, while reading, I was a bit confused when Pearl asked if the minister would stand with them again tomorrow, because I thought that they had to keep standing up on the scaffold as a continuation of their punishment, but then it hit me that they were only standing up there because Dimmesdale was up there. Chapter 13 Another View of Hester and Chapter 14 Hester and the Physician Summary for Chapter 13: In this chapter, Hester is becoming more and more active in the town. She frequently makes trips into town to donate food to the poor and to nurse the sick and injured. While she is still subject to prejudice even after 7 years, she is gradually being accepted back into the community. The weight of Pearl, her jobs, and prejudice have finally taken their toll on Hester. Much like Dimmesdale, the weight of their suffering has taken a toll on their physical appearances. She is no longer the beautiful woman she once was. Summary for Chapter 14: In this chapter, Hester tries to alleviate some of Dimmesdales suffering by telling Chillingworth to back off of him. When they go to speak with him, he tells her that he has heard that she can take off the scarlet letter, but she describes that it cannot be removed by human hands. She also thinks that it is time to tell Dimmesdale who Chillingworth really is, which makes Chillingworth realize that he has become a figure of pure evil, instead of the brilliant man he once was. My Questions about Chapters 13 and 14: Why is Hester still the object of scorn after 7 years? Shouldnt the Puritans move onto something else? Why is Hester still so kind to the people that treat her like dirt? How can Chillingworth realize that he is so evil and not want to change his ways? My Reactions towards Chapters 13 and 14: While reading, the author mentioned that Hester still accepted scorn from the townspeople after 7 years. I wondered if anyone else committed a serious sin in those 7 years who deserved a punishment similar to Hester. Or has Hester been used as a deterrent to keep everyone from messing up? After reading chapter 13, I couldnt believe that Hester was still in Boston after all the insults she had taken, let alone taking care of and helping the people that put her down. That just goes to show that Hester is not only a model for sin but a model for supreme compassion. What probably shocked me out of the whole book more than anything else was the fact that Chillingworth knew that he was evil, and still didnt want to change. Any normal human being can be inconsiderate or hurtful, when they are confronted about their behavior; they examine themselves and desire to change. Journal Entry: Chapter 15 Hester and Pearl and Chapter 16 A Forest Walk Summary for Chapter 15: In this chapter, Hester resolves that she truly hates her husband, after the pure hatred he showed in the previous chapter. After Chillingworth leaves to go mix potions from the weeds he collected, Hester goes to find Pearl. She finds Pearl playing in the puddles on the beach, with an A shaped in seaweed on her chest. When Hester sees the A, Pearl and she engage in conversation about the A. Pearl mentions that she sees that Dimmesdale clutches his heart often. This shocks Hester because she learns that Pearl is supernaturally observant, which might endanger them all. Summary for Chapter 16: In this chapter, Hester goes to meet with Dimmesdale in the forest to reveal Chillingworths real identity to him. While walking through the forest, she decides to take Pearl along with her. The sunlight seems to follow Pearl as she plays in the forest, but seems to avoid Hester. Upon reaching a stream, they wait for Dimmsdale to arrive, and Pearl asks about the black man and how he correlates to the scarlet letter. To avoid conversation, she tries to get Pearl to play, but Pearl doesnt want to out of fear of the black man. Hester tells Pearl that it is not the black man who gave her the symbol; it was the minister who did. My Questions about 15 and 16: Why did Hester even marry Chillingworth in the first place? She knew full well that neither of them were in love. Is Pearl really as observant as she is believed to be? Or is gathering this information from an outside source? How does Hester think that revealing Chillingworths real identity going to help Dimmesdale? My Reactions towards Chapters 15 and 16: I was felt almost scared for Hester, Pearl and Dimmesdale at this point in the story. I was sure that Chillingworth had something even more sinister up his sleeve. After reading about Pearls constant haranguing about the scarlet letter, I began to doubt that she was thinking for herself at this point. Someone must be putting her up to it to either test how Hester responds when Pearl asks that question or to gain information about the ties between Dimmesdale and Hester. When Pearl and Hester went to go tell Dimmesdale who Chillingworth really was, I wondered how Hester thought that would help Dimmesdale. Journal Entry: Chapter 17 The Pastor and his Parishioner and Chapter 18 A Flood of Sunshine Summary for Chapter 17: In this chapter, Hester and Dimmesdale meet in the forest to avoid Chillingworth and the public. They join hands, and Hester reveals Chillingworths real identity to him. This makes Dimmesdale angry, and he starts blaming her for his sin. To get him to stop, Hester pulls him in close to see the scarlet letter, which makes him forgive her because it shows him that Chillingworth is a bigger sinner than the both of them. To avoid any more suffering caused by Chillingworth, they plan to sail away to Europe, and live with Pearl as a family. Realizing that this is his opportunity to finally release all of the pain and suffering within him, Dimmesdale plans to reveal his secret to everyone in Salem. Summary for Chapter 18: After plotting their escape, the couple feels a burst of new life within them. Hester unties her hair for the first time in many years and removes the scarlet letter and Dimmesdales sullen face has finally picked up. He tells Hester that he can feel joy again, and is excited to finally get to know his daughter. My Questions about Chapters 17 and 18: Why didnt Hester fight back when Dimmesdale was yelling at her? Will Chillingworth expose Dimmesdale and Hester before Dimmesdale can do it himself? Why is Pearl cautious of her transformed mother? My Reactions towards Chapters 17 and 18: When I read that Dimmesdale yelled at Hester and blamed her for his sin, I was surprised that she acted in the manner that she did. I would have expected her to break and fight with Dimmsdale because she easily could have defended herself in that argument. But her action did make sense, because a fight would have divided them, which is the exact opposite of what they needed at that moment, if they wanted to steal away and start a new life. After Hester confronted Dimmesdale about Chillingworth I could really feel the all of the suspense. It was like I was experiencing the same fear of Chillingworth that Dimmesdale and Hester felt. After reading that Pearl was afraid of her transformed mother, I was mystified. I expected Pearl to love her mother even more than she did before, now that she was finally happy. Journal Entry: Chapter 19 The Child at the Brookside and Chapter 20 The Minister in a Maze Summary for Chapter 19: In this chapter, Hester calls Pearl to rejoin her, but Pearl refuses, because she doesnt recognize her transformed parents. To get Pearl to come back, Hester ties her hair back up and pins the scarlet letter on once more. After the letter is fully secured, Pearl rushes back to her mother and father. She envelopes Hester in a hug and kisses her, along with the scarlet letter. Without revealing that Dimmesdale is her father, Hester tries to get Pearl to embrace Dimmesdale as well. Dimmesdale kisses her once, but then washes the kiss off in the stream. Summary for Chapter 20: On the way back to the town, Dimmesdale cannot believe the energy he feels. He even runs and skips with Pearl. When they reach the town, Hester makes reservations on the ship to Europe because she has become acquainted with the captain due to her chari

Essay --

Introduction When World War II finally came to a close on May 7, 1945, a new war was just beginning. The Cold War symbolized the evident, yet unorthodox rivalry that stemmed between the United States and Soviet Russia, including their respective allies. (This war was fought on economic, political, and propaganda scales , with limited alternatives to weaponry, largely due to the fact that they had fear of a nuclear genocide.)^1 This expression, â€Å"The Cold War†, was initially used by Presidential Adviser, Bernard Baruch, in a â€Å"legislative debate in 1947.†("Bernard Baruch Coins the Term "Cold War"" History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.) Intelligence operations governing this war have been conducted by the Soviet State Security Service (KGB), and the C.I.A representing the two powers, Russia and the United States respectively, that arose from the echoes of World War II. Both have steered a pool of operations from large scale military intrusion and treas on to secret spying and scrutiny missions; they have experienced both success and failure. The Bay of Pigs fiasco was soon followed by Kennedy's handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The decisions he made were helped immensely by intelligence congregated from critical examination photos of the U-2, a plane that soars at high altitudes. With these operations put into consideration, citizens of the United States, as well as Soviet Russia, were immensely effected politically, economically and ideologically. Politically, it was apart of an American standard that we shall have a foreign enemy; this would lead to the Capitalism vs. Communism debacle. Furthermore, extensive events, such as the ‘Red Scare’, put the American people in a state of paranoia and vulnerabilit... ...the age we live in today to scrutinize the enemy and ally alike so as to be able to understand their capabilities and weaknesses without intelligence agencies. The CIA and KGB by themselves can not guarantee freedom from war, but with great knowledge within each of the organizations’ leaders, intelligent decisions can be made in the interest of the public. Furthermore, the way things are now and the foundation of political power seems to be remaining at a stand-still in-which the Easterners and Westerners are on opposing sides. There can never be legitimate and absolute complete freedom from war, but these intelligence agencies will continue to thrive contrary to the despicable ideals of the public for a complete utopia; their simply can not be peace, as one side believes in the power of government over all and the other supporting individualism/capitalism.

Five Pages of Group Development

Describe the five stages of group development briefly and explain how relationships form in groups. There is no doubt that great communication is important, and this in no different when working in groups. Stage one of the five stages of group development is basically the getting to know each member of the group. Getting to know the group allows each member to talk about one another’s strengths, weaknesses, and what is expected from the group. During this stage it is also important to choose a leader, set up an agenda and create deadlines to reach the end goal. Stage two is for brainstorming and creative thinking. The challenging part of stage two is to make sure everyone is heard, everyone’s feelings are expressed productively, and creativity is fostered among the team. Stage three has some challenging characteristics in this stage the skills, energy, and individual spirit of each team member is coordinated into the work being done so far. Stage four should be seen as the point where the team becomes independent and removes the leader. This allows the group to openly communicate each members work to make sure the project is on task and any problems are quickly addressed as not to delay the assignment. Stage five is communicating the end and adjourning the group. This final stage allows for each group member to talk about the entire process, while communicating if the member’s expectations were met. Communication within a group should be open and honest; if a break-down occurs changes must me made. When a group’s communication fails, the task will also fail. Role of communication in group development works like in the human body. Communication role starts the moment when the group member get together very first time in forming phase, be that face to face interaction or in virtual word. Through interaction each member assesses other member behavior patterns, personality, professionalism, there willing to work with the group and group’s goal. Communication plays essential part in building perception as well. It helps in making correct decisions, and creating positive perception in the eyes of group members. When group member enters in storming phases, which is also called as Confrontive or Power phase, the challenges of this group stage is that every member should get to express their feelings productively , to avoid any misunderstanding and fraction between them. Member interact with each other and their thoughts, views and ideas clashes, in this having proper communication skills are very significant, as it will help the group to stay on track and understand each other’s opinion in cohesive, understanding and open environment. In case of virtual team, proper communication establish clear expectations, resolving conflict, decision making and to build trust. Virtual teams work best when there is a strong communication structure in the organization or area which clarifies shared expectations and people are willingly communicate openly and honestly. Communication is the key to resolve conflict, between group members to come to consensus, and it also helps members move positively from conflicts towards commitment to the group. Lack of good communication between members can result in arising more personal conflicts which can take group to a different track and group goal can suffer. In norming stage also called as constructive stage, communication help members to sharing ideas, feelings and giving feedback to each other and soliciting feedback, exploring actions and sharing information related to the task. It also support in fostering diversity in the group and taking the most use of it, by understanding and encouraging members to contribute in discussion and present their understandings. Group members start to know each other personality and, communication helps in building relationship among team members. In performing stage, also called as productive stage, group perform as well organized unit, they are interdependent and work through issues smoothly and effectively by using effective and efficient communication.

Idioms and Expressions With Way

Idioms and Expressions With Way The following idioms and expressions with the noun way cover a wide range of topics and meanings. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help to understand of these common idiomatic expressions with way. All the way Definition: the entire distance, do everything necessary We drove all the way to Phoenix yesterday.Im sure they will make it all the way to finals. (Go) all the way Definition: travel the entire distance, achieve everything possible Make sure you go all the way to the end of the hall.Shell go all the way! In a bad way Definition: feeling poorly, in a very negative situation Im afraid Marys in a bad way. She needs our help.That car looks like its in a bad way. In a big way Definition: very much so I believe in that company in a big way.He enjoys tennis in a big way. In a familiar way Definition: pregnant Martha is in a familiar way.Did you know Peters wife is in a familiar way? In a family way Definition: pregnant Mary is in a family way.I hear that Jennifer is in a family way. It cuts both ways Definition: there are two sides to every argument, dont forget someone else is also involved Dont forget that it cuts both ways.Be nice to people when you beat them. Remember it cuts both ways. It cuts two ways Definition: there are two sides to every argument, dont forget someone else is also involved Some people forget that it cuts two ways and treat others poorly.Never forget that it cuts two ways. No way! Definition: exclamation of disbelief when surprised by a statement I like Justin Bieber. - No way!Peter and Jane are going to get married. - No way! Only way to go Definition: the best solution I bought a Wilson tennis racket. Theyre they only way to go.If you go to Hawaii, stay in Maui. Its the only way to go. Out of the way Definition: be in a position to not prevent progress You need to stay out of the way of your kids when they are teenagers.Good bosses stay out of the way of their employees. Swing both ways Definition: to be bisexual Anna swings both ways.Some of the men at work swing both ways. Thats the way the ball bounces. Definition: sentence used to accept defeat, or not achieving something one had hoped to achieve I didnt get the job. Thats the way the ball bounces.Dont get depressed. Thats the way the ball bounces. Thats the way the cookie crumbles. Definition: sentence used to accept defeat, or not achieving something one had hoped to achieve Our football team last the game. I guess thats the way the cookie crumbles.He wasnt accepted into the program. Thats the way the cookie crumbles. That way Definition: in love Peter and Tom are that way.Jasons that way, but she doesnt feel the same. Two-way street Definition: the same for both people Love is a two-way street.Never forget that your business associates are in a relationship with you that is a two-way street. Way down Definition: truthfully, the true feeling Way down he feels he should go back to university.I know she loves me way down. Way off (base) Definition: completely wrong I think your opinion of Tom is way off base.I was way off base about Mary. She really is a great person. Way out Definition: crazy, unbelievable That theory about UFOs is way out.Jack seems a little way out to me. Way to go! Definition: exclamation of praise I won the match. - Way to go!!Way to go, Tom! I knew you would get the job.

10 English Reflective Essay Topics on Moving to Another Country

10 English Reflective Essay Topics on Moving to Another Country Education is one of the major reasons young people migrate from their country of residence to another. Despite of all visible benefits of such decisions, it doesn’t come easy and might be followed by the series of challenges. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise to you, if you are tasked with elaborating on your experience of moving to another country or on your experience of considering such opportunity as a part of your English 101 course. Writing English 101 essays is a task that requires you support any of English 101 topics with solid facts. Even if your English 101 paper is reflective you cannot write it based only on your experience and emotional background, you need to utilize broader facts to frame your essay. 10 Interesting Student Migration Facts for an English 101 Essay The western colleges attract the most students. The UK Office for National Statistics, released a whitepaper on international student migration, which highlighted some interesting facts about student migration. The statistics showed that the US is the favorite destination for international students and 21% of all students studying abroad are currently taking classes in the US. The UK is a close second with approximately 192,000 students coming into the UK. Non-EU students account for most of the numbers. Statistics show that students from not the EU countries account for three-quarter of the migrating student population. China tops the ranking and students leaving India come second. African nations such as Nigeria, also sit at the top of the list. Affluence drives student migration. The spike in the number of international students moving from one country to another is due to a rising middle-class in such countries as China, India and Nigeria. This increased financial capacity has made it easier for families to pay the tuition, accommodation, domestic and transportation fees for their wards. International students pursue completely different majors. Statistics show that migrating students go to foreign schools usually with the aim of acquiring advanced certifications. The top 10 educative departments migrating students participate in are: Business/Management, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Social Sciences, Physical and Life Sciences, Humanities, Fine and Applied Arts, Health Professions, Education, and Agriculture. These courses attract foreign students because of the job opportunities attached to these fields of study. Migrating students don’t limit themselves with the list of top schools. Statistics show that international students apply to schools for a variety of reasons which include: ease of entrance, tuition fees, accommodation and prestige. The top 10 schools that migrating students apply to the most are: Florida Institute of Technology, New School-New York, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Tulsa, Suffolk University, University of California-San Diego, Carnegie Mellon University, Boston University, Brandeis University, and Northeastern University. Quality science, tech, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education attract foreign students. Students seeking to study in other countries generally pursue a degree in the STEM field. Statistics show that 35% of the international students studying in the USA are taking part in a STEM related course while in the UK, the percentage is a bit higher for 43 % of migrating students are in a STEM related field. As stated earlier, this is also due to the plethora of job opportunities available to professionals in these industries. The geographical demographic of migrating students is truly vast. Research conducted on international students who study in the US highlights the difference in their geographic demographics. It showed that the continent of Asia accounts for 64%, Europe makes up 11% of migrating students, the Middle East covers 7.5%, Latin America 8.4%, Africa 4.6% and Oceania 0.7%. This also buttresses the fact of China and India’s dominance in the education migration scene. Metropolitan areas attract foreign students much more. According to a survey conducted by Brookings, metropolitan areas host the highest numbers of foreign students. In the US, approximately 25% of foreign students tend to choose schools in metropolitan areas or reside there throughout their schooling years. This may be due to the liberal lifestyles experienced in these societies. Visa laws make it challenging to retain students. Visa laws in the US and UK make it difficult for foreign students who graduate from universities in these locations to work there. Foreign professionals interested in working in the US must have an H-1B visa to legally work here. International students, on the other hand, require an F-1 visa. Statistics show that approximately 670,000 F-1 visas are issued to foreign students annually while just a measly 19,900 H-1B visas are issued to students who success fully graduate from US universities. Students migrate more than everyone. A study of the migration patterns in the UK highlighted the fact that foreign students made up 60% of the people passing through the United Kingdom’s ports. This experience is also similar to the one witnessed in the US. In the US, students account for 50% of the individuals who pass through its borders legally. Therefore, education and foreign students play an important role in advancing the economies of host nations. Here we come to the end of the 10 interesting facts dedicated to helping students draft English 101 essay outlines for assigned work. You are welcome to take advantage of the above facts as you see fit when drafting an English 101 essay sample. References: Office for National Statistics, (2016), International student migration. Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/2gWtYar Jie Zong, Jeanne Batalova, (2016), International Students in the United States. Retrieved from: migrationpolicy.org/article/international-students-united-states CAP Immigration Team, (2014), The Facts on Immigration Today. Retrieved from: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2014/10/23/59040/the-facts-on-immigration-today-3/ AACU News, (2015), Immigrants and Higher Education. Retrieved from: https://www.aacu.org/aacu-news/newsletter/immigrants-and-higher-education

International Marketing Plan Part 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Marketing Plan Part 2 - Assignment Example The number of skating companies in the last couple of years has increased and it is expected that there will be new entrants in future as well (Bennett and Blythe, 2002). The biggest competitors in the skating industry are Rollerblade, Roces, Solomon and K2. The market share of each company can be represented as follows as given in SGMA (2011) report: Rollerblade has been enjoying the largest market share in the industry for decades. As of 2005, its market share was 70% and now it has been reduced to 45%. The main reason in such a reduction in the share is the increase in the new entrants in the market. Still, the company enjoys the reputation of providing high quality skates and other accessories. The range of products provided by the company is huge and it is expected to increase more in near future. Likewise, the close competitors are Roces, Solomon and K2 as well and all these brands have been there in the market for quite long. Since the Skating International is targeting an entirely new segment so these competitors do not directly pose any threat to it but if these brands target the market that the company is targeting via its products, then it can lose its market share. Therefore, the company will need to create differentiating factors to maintain its competitive position in the market. The pricing strategy that will be followed by Skating International will be competitive pricing. The company will charge the prices in comparison with those charged by the competitors. One of the primary purposes of the pricing strategy is to encourage the customers to buy the goods on impulse, experiment with the product and make repeat purchases. Initially the company will charge the products as follows: In order to promote the brand initially, the customers will be given skate bags as well so that the skates will remain protected and they will be handled with utmost ease and care. The skate bags’ price will range in between $20-$40

Risk Management Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk Management Paper - Assignment Example The institution has a bed capacity of 112 and a home care program. Currently, MedWest has identified catheter associated urinary infections as their most significant hospital acquired infection even though other infections are also under review. Steps that have been put in place to address the issue The hospice has dealt with this problem by first tackling patient identification. Samples and specimens from and for patients must be labeled correctly. This ensures that if they are eligible for blood transfusions, they get the correct ones. Furthermore, identification is done in the patient’s presence in order to ensure accuracy. MedWest Haywood also has a communication policy for caregivers. This means that test results and other documentations must be delivered to the right medical personnel within the appropriate time. Furthermore documentation of that communication ought to be recorded. The institution has also established a standardized communication format that members of t he institution are supposed to follow. These formats include SBAR and Ticket Ride (MedWest Carolinas Health Care, 2011). Aside from communication and patient labeling, the company has also worked on medicine administration. MedWest has procedures for labeling all medications. Persons under anticoagulant therapy are more likely than others to be harmed. Therefore, specific procedures must be adhered to when dealing with these patients. The institution has standards and procedures for reducing the quantity of drug concentrations in its environs. It strictly adheres to the five principles of medical administration that focus on giving patients the right medication at the right time, to the right person, in the correct dosage, using the appropriate route. Particular emphasis is given on medicines that sound or look alike as these are likely to cause errors. Medication containers with syringes or other apparatus are labeled. Care is taken during preoperative settings as well as other pro cedural environments. A protocol for reconciling medication throughout the care continuum exists in the Hospice. Direct infections brought on by medical practitioners are controlled through adherence to national standards for hand hygiene. Medical professionals must wash hands prior to and after contact with patients. They are also expected to follow rules for isolation of patients who may be at risk of infecting others. MedWest expects its staff to adhere to national guidelines concerning difficult to treat infections. It also follows similar procedures for control of infections after surgery as well as prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections. In surgery, MedWest Haywood prevents infections by having a time out procedure. Here, all the professionals involved in the surgery will identity the correct time out. Additionally, they must mark the surgical site but do this in accordance to preset rules. They are also supposed to surgically pause before starting the proc edure in order to ensure that the right patient, site and procedure have been identified. How the agency developed a path to remedy the problem First, the organization identified the impact of health problems and the amount of risk that patients are exposed. By showing these challenges, it would be possible to get buy in from the professionals responsible for risk exposure as well as risk mitigation. This would also ensure that management and other stakeholders of the

Conclusion for management project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion for management project - Term Paper Example The time-bound goal was a specific goal of our team. Our group’s most frequently used style was the collaborative approach style. We had no conflicts except for a minor conflict about matching the schedules we had prepared. However, our frequent communication with the emails enabled us to understand one another’s viewpoints and eliminate the misunderstandings. The email was a powerful tool in our communication as we used it to share ideas and other group related materials with one another. We all got along really well and respected each other. Maintaining the schedule and finishing the project upon time was a big challenge for our group. We mutually decided to split the project up. The thinking of the group members was not affected by the groupthink. Our leader had very good social skills. The leader’s behavior was people-oriented. The leader was friendly and approachable, and treated everybody equally. With mutual effort, we were able to finish the project in

Outline Christian teaching on Wealth and Poverty Essay Example for Free

Outline Christian teaching on Wealth and Poverty Essay Christians believe that wealth is neither completely good nor bad. Wealth can be a big advantage to those in need an example of a good use of wealth would be building houses and shelter for the homeless, wealth can also promote corruption in our world, providing the incentive for some to abuse their wealth, an example of a bad use of wealth would be buying weapons to commit violent acts. Other sinful things that are cause by wealth are drugs, gambling and prostitution. When people have a lot of wealth they usually commit some of these sins or all of them. Christians also believe that wealth is a good thing, but greed is not. If a wealthy person becomes greedy they start hurting the people among them in order to earn more and more wealth. It is easier for a poor person to give up  £1000 if that’s all they have than a greedy person to do so. Christian teach that wealthy people should be good stewards with their wealth. By this they mean that people have to use their wealth for everyone in need. Also they believe that a persons possessions have a rightful owner which is God. Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!. The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said again, Children, how hard is itto enter the kingdom of God! It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.. Mark 10:23-25. In this quote Jesus is not directly saying that by being rich you wont get into heaven. He is telling them that by being rich it can lead to people not going to heaven. Also he is telling his disciples that the way people use their wealth defines if they are going to heaven or not. He compares the fact of a rich man going to heaven with a camel entering the eye of a needle. He uses this comparison to make believe that if someone becomes rich it is impossible for them to store riches anywhere else except here on earth. Lastly Christians believe and teach that all wealthy people should give to charity and other people who are in poverty. They also believe its their duty to give to the poor as God has given them all this wealth.

Lord Rama as a Leader in Ramayana

Lord Rama as a Leader in Ramayana LORD RAMA AS MARYADA PURSHOTTAM- A LEADER IN WAR AND PEACE, AS NARRATED IN RAMAYANA Israelmore Ayivor has said, â€Å"True leaders are like statues, whether it rains or it shines, they never bend their necks to look backwards! They never run away from challenges!†[1] Lord Rama is one such leader who is also known to be the avatar, incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Swami Vivekananda has described the immortal character of lord Rama in these words, Rama, the ancient idol of the heroic ages, the embodiment of truth, of morality, the ideal son, the ideal husband, and above all, the ideal king, this Rama has been presented by the great sage, Valmiki.[2] Shri Ramchandra exhibits exceptional qualities of religious behaviour and therefore is fondly termed as ‘maryada purushottam’. Maryada meaning the inner moral principles, ethics, customs or rules and Purushottam relates to being the best amongst all men. He personifies the highest of human values, never deviating from the virtuous path in thought, or action, even in the most critical situations. He has shown many qualities of a righteous king and a noble human being. His model behaviour and conduct made him a leader par excellence and that is why he is popularly termed as Maryada Purushottam (perfect man). Transformational leadership and lord Rama. The transformational leadership has been long demonstrated by Lord Rama thousands of years ago before the introduction of this concept and model by Burns (1978)[3] and latter by Bass and Avoilio (1994)[4]. Burns emphasized on the mutual process between a leader and a follower, wherein each one makes an effort to increase the other’s level of motivation. In the first book (Bala Kand) itself, the qualities and characteristics of Rama as a true leader have been dealt with in detail, which resulted in acquiring love, admiration, respect, and trust of all the people of Ayodhya. He as a transformational leader inspired his followers to imbibe his values and connect with his ideologies. There can be quite a few other valuableleadership lessonsfrom the ‘ideal’ man and the warrior prince Lord Rama, which can be imbibed by the military leaders of all the three wings of any defence organisation. Lord Rama as a leader was exceptional and led the way. The best way to create a positive work atmosphere is by leading through example and by ensuring that the team is highly motivated. This is exactly what Rama did with his threebrothers. As the eldest, he set an example for theyounger ones by always being fair and courteous yet stern when required. The whole of Ramayana is full of such examples, especially during the last leg of the Ramayana battle, Rama inspired his army to inculcate virtues like intelligence, skill, commitment, strategy to succeed. Lord Rama as leader was a participative leader and didn’t force his decisions upon others. Rama being a participative leader knew how to tackle situations with a cool-headed attitude and listen to others to encourage frank and open discussion on every aspect. Rama gives a patient hearing to advice from his allies while preparing for war against Ravana and thus, managed to extract valuable clues of Sita’s whereabouts. It is evident in Ramayana that Lord Rama inspired his army to fight an epic battle and be jubilant! He never forced his decision of leaving the palace for exile, not even on his own wife Sita and brother Laxman. Instead, he dissuaded both of them to stay in Ayodhya and let him proceed. Rama was a humble leader and followed ethics and a code of conduct. Lord Rama was a solicitous and a humble man. In fact, Rama declared his dedication to dharma when he offered Ravana a final chance to make peace on the battleground.[5] When Ravana walked to battle on the first day due to inadequate preparations and was rendered weaponless, Rama being a leader by ethics followed the code of chivalry during war and stipulated that an unarmed enemy should not be attacked. Humility was Rama’s most outstanding virtue, which made him so popular. He had no hesitation in eating the tasted fruits offered by Shabri during his exile. When Lord Rama finally reached Lanka, he welcomed Vibishana, the brother of his own enemy King Ravana to his side and embraced him like a brother. In spite of knowing that Vibishana was the brother of the demon King Ravana, he identified true and pure devotion and love. He welcomed him warmly and made him his best friend instantly in spite of some differenc es and arguments against this in his camp.Lord Rama being a humble leader, smiled and helped everyone to show genuine concern, and managed to fight a war on his own terms and conditions and finally win it. Rama was an unbiased leader. A leader has a personalised point of view which is exhibited in his own unique way. In Ramayana, Lord Rama shared his views and thought processes and opinions with Lakshmana, Hanumana, Sugriva and Vibheeshana. But that doesnt do any harm to anyone else. There was no prejudice against anyone as far as the king-subject relationship was concerned. It is a well-known fact that the Vanara sena (monkey army), proved to be one of the most essential links to win the epic battle. A leader also creates more leaders. Rama as a true leader in war believed in his army’s abilities and hence strengthened them as per the overall objective. Lord Rama helped Sugriva and Vibheeshana to establish their own kingdoms, similarly able military leaders should create and inspire effective potential leaders for the future. Rama was a leader having a clear vision. The mission of the army led by Lord Rama had a clear vision to rescue his wife Sita from the clutches of the Lanka king Ravana. This clarity of thoughts enabled the army to put their best to win the battle and finally achieve the positive desired outcome. Rama was a leader full of integrity. Lord Rama, despite his immense hardships and misfortune, never stepped aside from his chosen path. He always maintained a certain yardstick for himself and his team, thereby gaining big dividends in terms of achieving his ultimate goal. Rama was a learning leader. Rama kept himself under the guidance of the learned sages and ascetics, and frequently learned much about the nature of life. Significantly, he also learnt advanced techniques of archery and other techniques of warfare, which served him well during his final battle with the evil king Ravana. Rama was a role model and inspired everyone. Lakshmana, Rama’s younger brother, constantly looked up to his elder brother, and thus was willing to help him through all the challenges life threw at him. So all the military leaders should motivate their teams and continuously reward success and initiative. Rama was an understanding leader. It is evident in Ramayana that Rama was a true leader, as he understood the problems faced by his team members and thereby helped them in whichever ways he could. Like for instance, during his time spent in the forest he met Sugreeva who was abandoned by his own brother Bali. He then went ahead and helped Sugreeva in regaining his throne. In addition, he was instrumental in killing the demons that used to often regularly trouble the sages in the forest. APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP TRAITS OF LORD RAMA IN A MILITARY ORGANISATION The above-mentioned leadership lessons as exhibited by Lord Rama in the epic Ramayana, if applied and implemented properly can form the basis of success of all types of organizations especially the military organization (Army, Air Force, Navy). Leadership in military is not just restricted to some handful of seniors with high-sounding titles, but permeates all across organizational levels managing personnel. It has been evident that a good leadership example like Lord Rama can enhance the overall motivational level and productivity in any military set-up. In the military scenario, one can succeed and many a battles can be won, if there is relevant knowledge for the same. Like Rama, military leaders have to be confident and show no signs of desperation. Military leaders have to be on top and keep a track of what is happening and gain full control of the war scenario. They should look confident and behave as one too, so that they are able to communicate to their subordinates that they are determined to extract positive outcomes for the benefit of their nation and their territory. The impact of an alert, agile and action-oriented leadership cannot be underestimated. A good military leader should ensure that his men give him a patient hearing and conduct themselves on the battleground to win the hardest of battles. This would allow his team to find a proper base ground and explore its full potential. Military Leadership believes in bearing the brunt most of the time and led the way through model behavior. Military leaders in particular are leaders with a vision, and have the ability to see and put into perspective what others cannot. Communicating this vision to their followers and motivating them to work towards fulfilling it, is an extended challenge for a military leader. The chief ingredients of good leadership as portrayed by Rama in Ramayana primarily are character, courage and competence, which undoubtedly form the essence of success for any military organization. Character, in military context, is understood as self-discipline, loyalty, readiness to accept responsibility, and willingness to sacrifice whenever required. These qualities of Lord Rama can help in minimizing fear and maximizing sound judgement in any critical military situation thereby bringing success from a seemingly hopeless situation. For a military leader humility is one of the most difficult trait to exhibit, especially during war time. However, there is no denying the fact that it is also one of the most fru itful traits if used in the correct direction. Moreover, a foreseen vision will always be a motivating factor to focus on the goal and not be deviated. Every military leader needs to have a clear vision of what he is aiming for and what will it bear him in the future.[6] He also must be in sync with his followers or team members in order to attain his goals. A military leader should avoid cutting corners and everything, which makes him uncomfortable. This will ensure long-term organizational sincerity and loyalty. Today’s world is all about dynamism and keeping pace with new developments, which surely is a tough challenge. In the current information age where knowledge is wealth, an informed modern military leader should constantly strive to learn, and explore new subjects, deepen the understanding of old ones, and continuously upgrade him. Keeping abreast of the latest developments and advancements in modern means of warfare is the need of the hour and is expected of all con temporary military leaders. Contemporary military environment requires leaders who can perceive what is right and know how to mobilize people and resources to accomplish mutual goals.[7] Understanding individual team members and ensuring the requirements to keep each one ticking, is what is required in our present day defence organization too. Leaders of the armed forces should back their teams under all circumstances. They should know how to deal with their subordinates in order to make many of the followers, leaders in their own right thereby creating options and opportunities for their subordinates to inculcate self-confidence and optimism. In today’s military world the one man show does not promise success like the earlier days. Intelligently distributed responsibility and empowerment creates changes for good and more chances to win. So naturally it becomes quintessential for every department, every unit in the armed forces to create more and effective leaders than ever before. It surely would ensure more uniqueness; more tasks completed, more projects concluded, more missions accomplished, more promises achieved and most of all more trust build than ever before. [1] The Great Hand Book of Quotes, Israelmore Ayivor [2] Hinduism, By Hiro G. Badlani, pg 103, 01-Sep-2008 [3] Transformational Leadership, Burns, J. M. (1978). New York: Harper Row [4] Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership, Bernard M. Bass,Bruce J. Avolio, SAGE Publications, 1994 [5] https://www.sunzu.com/articles/building-leadership-skills-lessons-from-the-ramayana-22687 [6] http://www.mensxp.com/work-life/leadership/20918-leadership-lessons-from-lord-rama.html [7] http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/reflections_on_leadership.htm

Women in Ancient Times: from Matriarchy to Patriarchy Essay examples --

Women in Ancient Times: from Matriarchy to Patriarchy In addition to age, gender is one of the universal dimensions on which status differences are based. Unlike sex, which is a biological concept, gender is a social construct specifying the socially and culturally prescribed roles that men and women are to follow. Women have always had lower status than men, but the extent of the gap between the sexes varies across cultures and time. Images of women, mostly figurines of the same type as the "Venus" of Willendorf*, Lespugue** and Laussel*** (old statuettes representing obese women, women whose wombs and hips are extremely exaggerated) all dating to the Paleolithic period, far outnumber images of men. This has lead to speculation about the place of women in Stone Age society. Some have argued that these female figures denote the existence during this period of a prominent female deity identified usually as the Earth Mother or the Mother Goddess. On the basis of this assumption, it has been suggested that, unlike today, women played a considerably more important, if not dominant, role in Paleolithic society; that possibly a matriarchy existed and women ruled. That means men haven’t always been the leaders; it’s not an inborn quality (as a lot of them suggest)! Johann Bachofen was a 19th Century Swiss archaeologist and classicist who was among the first to recognize the presence of an early matriarchal stage in proto-European cultural evolution. Bachofen used Greek myth to support his arguments. He felt that there were three cultural stages that the early European culture went through. In his view the first stage was a barbaric or hetairistic stage (from the Greek word hetero meaning both) where both or actually neither sex was really in control for there was no control. The strong took advantage of the weak, and there was wide-spread "wanton" sexual activity, uncontrolled by values or morals. Bachofen thought that Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, was the chief deity of this time. The second stage was the matriarchal stage, where women banded together for their own defense. Strong Greek hunter/warrior goddesses such as Artemis and Athena were thought by Bachofen to have come from ancient fragments of memory stemming from this time, as well as the mythic Amazons and Furies. This middle stage saw the development of agriculture, and the rise of... ...e largely unobserved: it was a new kind of union composed of husband and wife, distinctly different form the former clan union of sisters and brothers. The two were in fundamental antagonism to each other. Thus, although marriage was introduced by the mothers within the framework of the maternal clan structure, in the end marriage would undermine the matriarchy.† Therefore womankind gave up its most powerful weapon in maintaining its dominance in a world of â€Å"fatherless† children and brought about itself the torments of patriarchy, by instutionalizing marriage. Unfortunately, unlike the matriarchy, patriarchy has lasted to our present day. Of course there has been major progress since the days of the Roman Empire, now it is illegal to consider women lower then men in any sense (at least in some countries), yet most of us still see the world through the patriarchal curtain that covers our eyes. Bibliography: â€Å"Women out of history: a herstory anthology† by Ann Forfreedom â€Å"The Underside of history† by Elise Boulding â€Å"Woman’s evolution from matriarchal clan to patriarchal family† by Evelyn Reed â€Å"When God Was a Woman† by Merlin Stone http://www.yahoo.com http://www.google.com